{"id":26781,"date":"2024-06-10T15:00:53","date_gmt":"2024-06-10T13:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lvhf.cz\/?p=26781"},"modified":"2024-07-04T18:27:10","modified_gmt":"2024-07-04T16:27:10","slug":"zednari-a-hudba-na-prelomu-xviii-a-xix-stoleti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lvhf.cz\/en\/zednari-a-hudba-na-prelomu-xviii-a-xix-stoleti\/","title":{"rendered":"Freemasons and Music in XVIII\u2013XIX Centuries"},"content":{"rendered":"

Certainly the most thorough and dedicated historian of the late Enlightenment in Moravia is the art historian Ji\u0159\u00ed Kroupa<\/strong>. His lifelong research is summarised in his book called Alchymie \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed \u2013 Pozdn\u00ed osv\u00edcenstv\u00ed a moravsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost 1770\u20131810<\/strong>, which traces the social structure and transformation of the landed gentry into a courtly aristocracy.
\nKroupa showed how new salons were gradually established, in which women (Marie Eleonore of Dietrichstein) were sometimes able to make a significant mark. Most interesting are the descriptions of the individual salons and the attempt to describe their development and their relationship to state politics. This is where Kroupa\u2019s exploration of the \u201calchemy of happiness\u201d begins as he identifies Freemasonry and secret societies in Moravia as one of the most important symptoms of this new paradigm.<\/p>\n

The greatest activity of Freemasons in Moravia dates back to the first phase of the late Enlightenment – that is, to the 1870s to the 1890s. This can be well documented by the example of three \u201cFreemasonic\u201d operas: Tarare<\/strong> by Antonio Salieri (later used by the author for the Austrian recycling of the original French opera for Paris 1787), Don Giovanni<\/strong> by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Praha 1787) and his purely Freemasonic Zauberfl\u00f6te<\/strong> (Vienna 1791).<\/p>\n

Similarly to Mozart, Salieri\u2019s Masonic activity was consistent with a situation in which, in early Josephinism, Masons could be seen as collaborators in the creation of a modern bureaucratic state in which the sovereign and all institutions were bound by law. Joseph II<\/strong> aspired to transform Austria into such a state, and his decade of independent rule (1780\u20131790) marked an almost revolutionary transformation of society in its relationship to the subjects, the church and the nobility. Joseph II\u2019s departure from Freemasonry came only when the monarch realized that this political grouping had its own strategy in addition to his own, which he favoured.<\/p>\n

Salieri\u2019s<\/strong> Tarare, a distinctly Masonic tale of the search for a wise ruler who is and wants to be subject to the law, was a great success in Paris in 1787. However, it was more of a manifestation of the tense situation than a musical success as when the tiers \u00e9tat was about to emerge and gradually take power.
\nMozart<\/strong> was similarly political. In Don Giovanni, based on a libretto by Lorenzo da Ponte, he invites the bridal party to his palace, he does so with the line that the gates are open to everyone and long live freedom. This multiple celebration of freedom must have been extremely impressive at the time.<\/p>\n

Zauberfl\u00f6te, the next \u201cMasonic\u201d opera, already brings a number of Masonic symbols, and although the librettist Schikaneder used his sort of Masonic existence to offer the almost suburban and \u201cfolk\u201d audience of Vienna a colourful mixture of Masonic symbols mixed with the altered tastes of the time, and the libretto itself is such a heterogeneous mixture, they are cemented by Mozart\u2019s brilliant music. Surely, this was to silence Freemasonry \u2013 as well as Libertinism \u2013 in Austria for a long time.<\/p>\n

If in the 1980s and 1990s there were \u201cMasonic\u201d operas and other transpositions of Masonic ideas into music, literature and even the visual arts, the Napoleonic Wars and the onset of reaction after the Congress of Vienna put a definitive end to all manifestations of the previous libertinism (most notably in da Ponte and Mozart\u2019s Cosi fan tutte<\/strong>), as well as to echoes of Freemasonry and any links to the previous Enlightenment.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, the talk will include a look at what was common at this time: life in private salons \u2013 aristocratic and later bourgeois \u2013 using the example of the von Haugwitzs<\/strong>. After the Congress of Vienna, father and son Heinrich and Carl Wilhelm von Haugwitz retreated into a kind of universally respected privatissimo of their castle and their subculture. After 1800, the musical productions at the castle in N\u00e1m\u011b\u0161\u0165 and Oslavou were oriented towards one significant and new phenomenon: historicism and the discovery of the music of older generations. Systematically, Heinrich von Haugwitz explored the music of H\u00e4ndel, Naumann and others. However, it was possible to document and explain the tendency in this context as a phenomenon originating in the circle of Gottfried Freiherr van Swieten, son of Maria Theresa\u2019s court physician, whose concerts grew into systematic activities (sort of a concert companies) and eventually resulted in the activities of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde. Gradually, it spread to other aristocratic residences.<\/p>\n

In addition to the older music revival, Heinrich von Haugwitz maintained his contacts with Salieri, Beethoven, and perhaps Schubert and others, which is evidenced by Salieri\u2019s letters to him, on the dedication of autograph scores and many other circumstances. However, the situation somewhat changed after the death of Heinrich von Haugwitz. While performances and concerts in his time attracted a relatively large audience, his death was followed with closing down the entire salon. Needless to say is that this was already a completely new situation in the 1840s\u20131870s.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Author: prof. PhDr. MgA. Milo\u0161 \u0160t\u011bdro\u0148, CSc.<\/strong>, composer, musicologist, university professor<\/p>\n

Certainly the most thorough and dedicated historian of the late Enlightenment in Moravia is the art historian Ji\u0159\u00ed Kroupa. His lifelong research is summarised in his book called Alchymie \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed \u2013 Pozdn\u00ed osv\u00edcenstv\u00ed a moravsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost 1770\u20131810, which traces the social structure and transformation of the landed gentry into a courtly aristocracy. Kroupa showed how [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":26791,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"fotogalerie":[],"hudebni-video":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lvhf.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26781"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lvhf.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lvhf.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lvhf.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lvhf.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26781"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/www.lvhf.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26781\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27136,"href":"https:\/\/www.lvhf.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26781\/revisions\/27136"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lvhf.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26791"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lvhf.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26781"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lvhf.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26781"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lvhf.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26781"},{"taxonomy":"fotogalerie","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lvhf.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fotogalerie?post=26781"},{"taxonomy":"hudebni-video","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lvhf.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hudebni-video?post=26781"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}